Measuring the output of a sensor in response to an accurately known input is referred to as what?

The correct answer is calibration because it specifically refers to the process of measuring the output of a sensor when an accurately known input is provided. Calibration ensures that the sensor is providing precise and accurate readings by comparing its outputs against standard or known values. By performing calibration, an individual can adjust the sensor to ensure that its output aligns with the expected performance, thereby maintaining its accuracy over time.

In the context of the other terms, alignment typically involves adjusting a system or device to ensure it is correctly positioned and oriented, which is different from the specific measurement and adjustment focus of calibration. Detection refers to the ability of a sensor to identify the presence of a specific condition or signal, while verification entails confirming that a system meets specified requirements or standards, rather than focusing on the measurement relationships between inputs and outputs.